Crush Injury, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications

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Crush Injury, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications, finger crush injury,
fingertip crush injury,crush injury finger,foot crush injury,crush injury to foot,hand crush injury,crush injury hand,

Crush injury is an injury that occurs when the body is crushed or under strong pressure from a heavy object. This injury is an emergency condition which if not treated immediately can result in paralysis, amputation, and even death.

Crush injury can cause the blood supply to the compressed organ to be blocked, resulting in organ damage. Not only that, the squeezed muscles of the body can break down and release substances that damage the kidneys.

Causes of Crush Injury

Crush injury can be caused by several factors, namely:

Accidents of motor vehicles or other types of transportation, such as trains or planes
Work accidents, especially workers in the mining, construction and agricultural industries, without personal protective equipment while working
Dropping a heavy object on to your feet or pinching your fingers on a door or window
Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, or landslides
Bomb explosion

Symptoms of Crush Injury

Injuries that cause damage to certain muscles, bones, and organs can cause symptoms such as:

Great pain
Numbness in the pinched body part
An open wound that causes damage to the skin surface and heavy bleeding
Open fracture
Decreased body temperature (hypothermia)
Pale skin, and blue lips or fingers
Urine is red or brown
Hard to breathe
Weak pulse
Decreased blood pressure
Loss of consciousness

When to go to the doctor

Call the ambulance service immediately if anyone around you has a crush injury after an accident. If possible, immediately take him to the ER doctor. Handling needs to be done immediately to prevent organ damage and death, as well as other fatal complications.

There are several first aid efforts that can be done if you find a crush injury victim before receiving treatment at the hospital, namely:

Check the victim's level of consciousness, whether the victim can still respond to questions or open his eyes.
Check the victim's vital signs, such as heart rate and respiratory condition.
Make sure the victim's airway is open and the victim can breathe normally by looking at the chest or abdomen moving up and down.
Make efforts to make the victim feel safe and not panic.
If the victim is bleeding, try to stop the bleeding by finding the source of the wound, then applying firm pressure to the area.
Check the condition of the skin around the injured area for changes in the color of the skin that are pale or blue due to bleeding in the body.
If bleeding continues and is life threatening, use a bandage and bandage to cover the source of bleeding.
If any part of the victim's body is cut, stop the bleeding and clean the area around the body part. Store the severed body part in a plastic bag, seal it tightly, and place it in a container filled with ice.
If the victim is suspected of having a dislocated or fractured bone, keep the victim from moving too much, or make a splint to keep the broken part of the body from moving.
Make sure the victim is in a comfortable position and provide blankets to keep the victim warm.
Monitor respiratory conditions and level of consciousness, and accompany the victim until medical help arrives.

Crush Injury Diagnosis

Before making a diagnosis, the doctor will stabilize the patient's condition first with the following actions:

Ensure that the airway remains safe and unobstructed
Provide supplemental oxygen through a breathing apparatus
Stop bleeding
Give intravenous fluids and blood transfusions
Inserting a urinary catheter

After the patient is stable, the doctor will ask the person who brought the patient to the ER the process of the injury. Next, the doctor will perform a thorough physical examination. If necessary, the doctor will also perform additional examinations, such as:

Blood tests, to check hemoglobin levels, signs of electrolyte disturbances, infections, and other conditions
Scanning with X-rays, to see the condition of the broken bones

Doctors can also perform a CT scan or MRI to examine the condition of the injury to the internal tissues and organs, as well as determine the severity of the injury. However, this method is rarely used in the initial diagnosis of patients, because the procedure takes a long time.
Crush Injury Treatment

Further treatment given by the doctor depends on the type of injury suffered by the victim. After knowing the type and severity of the injury, the doctor will determine the actions that need to be given, including:
Drugs

As a first step in treating the injury, the doctor will give you several types of drugs. Most of these drugs will be given by injection or infusion, including:

Strong pain relievers, such as ketamine, to relieve pain from injury
Sedatives or sedatives, such as benzodiazepines, to relieve muscle tension and anxiety
Antibiotics, to prevent bacterial infections, especially in open wounds

Operation

Surgery is performed to control bleeding and treat injuries to internal organs. The type of surgery to be performed depends on the site of the injury and bleeding, namely:

Laparotomy

Laparotomy is a surgical procedure performed by making an incision in the abdominal wall. That way, the doctor can check the condition of the organs in the stomach and detect bleeding.

Thoracotomy

The goal of a thoracotomy is to stop bleeding and relieve pressure on the heart and lungs. This procedure is done by making an incision along the ribs.

Fasciotomy

Fasciotomy is done by cutting the layer that covers the organ (fascia), in order to relieve tension or pressure in the muscles and nerves that can cause impaired blood circulation to the area. The goal is to save the body's organs from damage caused by compartment syndrome.

Amputation

Amputation is the cutting of certain body parts to prevent further damage or complications that can be life-threatening. Amputation is performed if the crush injury is at risk of becoming gangrene.

Complications of Crush Injury

There are several complications that may occur if crush injury is not treated immediately, namely:

crush syndrome

Crush syndrome or Bywaters syndrome is a medical condition characterized by shock and kidney failure due to serious injury to the skeletal muscles (rhabdomyolysis).

The intense pressure from a crush injury can cause muscle cells to disintegrate and release myoglobin. Myoglobin released in large quantities is toxic to the kidneys.

Compartment syndrome

Compartment syndrome can occur when the muscle tissue and its surroundings do not get blood supply for a long time due to increased pressure in the muscle. This condition can cause nerve damage and muscle death.

Compartment syndrome is characterized by severe pain accompanied by tingling, can even cause paralysis. The hallmark of compartment syndrome that can be seen is swelling of the skin.

In addition to the above conditions, crush injury can also cause other complications, such as:

Amputation of arm or leg
Damage to the shape of the limbs
Permanent paralysis
Dead

Crush Injury Prevention

Crush injuries caused by natural disasters or war cannot be prevented. However, there are several efforts that can be made to avoid factors that can cause crush injury, namely:

Follow procedures and use proper personal protective equipment (PPE) when working, especially when using large and heavy tools or machines.
Wear a seat belt and helmet when driving, and make sure to always be careful and obey traffic signs.
Avoid doing activities around the building construction area.

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