Dyspraxia, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications
Dyspraxia is a disorder of movement and coordination of movements caused by abnormalities in the development of the nervous system. Dyspraxia or developmental coordination disorder is a congenital abnormality, but it cannot always be detected from birth.
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| Dyspraxia, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications |
Dyspraxia is different from apraxia even though the two sound similar. Dyspraxia is characterized by a child's delay in reaching a point of development that should have been reached by a child of his age. Meanwhile, apraxia is characterized by the loss of certain abilities that were previously possessed or mastered.
Dyspraxia can happen to anyone, but it is more common in boys than girls. Dyspraxia is not related to the level of intelligence, but can reduce the sufferer's ability to learn. This condition can also affect the self-confidence of sufferers.
Causes of Dyspraxia
Until now, the cause of dyspraxia is still uncertain. However, this condition is thought to occur due to impaired development of the nervous system in the brain. This can disrupt the flow of nerve signals from the brain to the limbs.
Coordination and movement of limbs is a process that involves various nerves and parts of the brain. If there is interference with one of the nerves or parts of the brain, this can cause dyspraxia.
Dyspraxia risk factors
There are several conditions that increase the risk of a child experiencing dyspraxia, namely:
- born prematurely
- Born with low weight (LBW)
- Have a family history of dyspraxia or impaired coordination of body movements
- Born to a mother who smoked, consumed alcoholic beverages, or used drugs during pregnancy
Dyspraxia symptoms
The symptoms experienced by dyspraxia sufferers can vary. However, dyspraxia complaints in general are delays in motor development and impaired coordination.
At school age, children with dyspraxia are often unable to complete schoolwork and are considered lazy.
In general, the symptoms of dyspraxia that can be seen in children are:
- Careless, such as frequently bumping or dropping things
- Difficulty concentrating, following orders, and remembering information
- Unable to control own behavior
- Difficult to complete tasks
- Difficulty learning new information
- Hard to make new friends
- Difficulty or slow to dress or tie shoelaces
Dyspraxia can also continue into adolescence and adulthood. Symptoms of dyspraxia that can be seen at this age include abnormal body posture when walking, impaired balance, difficulty learning skills or exercising, and lack of confidence.
When to see a doctor
Immediately consult a child to the doctor if he has complaints as mentioned above. You also need to take your child to the doctor if you see a disturbance or delay in their growth and development.
Examination and early treatment are needed so that children can catch up, and to prevent complications from appearing in the future.
Diagnostics of Dyspraxia
To diagnose dyspraxia, the doctor will conduct questions and answers with parents about the symptoms experienced by the child, history of pregnancy, childbirth, development, and the child's and family's medical history.
Next, the doctor will perform an anthropometric examination to assess the child's growth. The doctor will also assess the child's development with Denver scoring.
To assess a child's development, the doctor may ask the child to write, draw, jump, arrange blocks, grasp, or perform other simple movements.
Keep in mind, not all children who look careless or slow definitely suffer from dyspraxia. A child is said to have dyspraxia if his ability to move and coordinate is far below the average for his age, and causes disturbances during activities.
Diagnosis can lead to dyspraxia if the above symptoms appeared since childhood and no other conditions that cause these symptoms are detected.
Dyspraxia Treatment
Until now, there is no treatment that can cure dyspraxia. In dyspraxia sufferers with mild symptoms, this disorder can improve with age.
Doctors will advise parents to routinely stimulate children with dyspraxia. The people around the child, including teachers and caregivers, also need to be given an understanding of the child's condition. The goal is to prevent bad stigma on children.
Support from parents and those around them is very important to help children with dyspraxia catch up on delays and overcome the obstacles they experience.
In addition, there are several therapies that can be given by doctors to help people with dyspraxia, namely:
- Occupational therapy, to teach patients practical ways of carrying out daily routines
- Physiotherapy or physical therapy, to improve motor skills
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), to change the patient's mindset towards his limitations so that the patient's behavior and feelings get better
Dyspraxia complications
Developmental delays and impaired coordination that are not handled properly can cause dyspraxia sufferers to experience the following conditions:
- It's hard to socialize
- Experiencing bullying
- Suffering from conduct disorder
- Not confident
Meanwhile, in adulthood, dyspraxia can cause sufferers to have explosive emotions, phobias, and obsessive-compulsive behavior.
In addition, there are also several conditions that are often associated with or appear together with dyspraxia, namely ADHD, dyslexia, autism, or language apraxia.
Dyspraxia prevention
Dyspraxia cannot be prevented, because the cause is not known with certainty. However, to reduce the risk of developmental disorders in children, there are several ways that mothers can do during pregnancy, namely:
- Eat a healthy and nutritionally balanced diet
- Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke
- Do not consume alcoholic beverages
- Do not carelessly take drugs
- Undergo regular prenatal checks to monitor the condition of the fetus
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