E. coli, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium that lives in the human intestine to maintain the health of the digestive system. These bacteria are generally harmless. However, there is a strain of E. coli that produces toxins and causes severe diarrhea.

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E. coli, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications

A person can be exposed to dangerous E. coli bacteria by consuming contaminated food and drink. Exposure to E. Coli can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. This disease caused by E. coli bacteria will have a more severe impact if it occurs in children and the elderly.

Causes of Escherichia Coli Bacterial Infection

The presence of E. coli bacteria in the human body is a natural thing, because these bacteria play a role in maintaining the health of the digestive tract. However, there are several types of E. coli bacteria that are actually harmful to human health, namely:

Shiga toxin-producing coli or STEC/VTEC/EHEC
Enterotoxigenic coli (ETEC)
Enteropathogenic coli (EPEC)
Enteroaggregative coli (EAEC)
Enteroinvasive coli (EIEC)
Diffusely adherent coli (DAEC)

Most diarrhea is caused by STEC type bacteria. These bacteria produce toxins that can damage the lining of the small intestine, causing bloody bowel movements.

In general, the dangerous E. coli bacteria can enter the human body through:

Contaminated food and drink
Dangerous coli bacteria are very easily transmitted due to consuming contaminated food and drink.
Direct contact with E. coli bacteria
Forgetting to wash your hands after handling animals or after defecating, then making contact with other people can transmit the bacteria.

Risk factors for E. Coli infection

Anyone can experience an E. coli bacterial infection. However, there are several factors that can increase a person's risk of developing a disease caused by E. coli bacteria, including:

Children, pregnant women, and the elderly are more prone to suffer from diseases caused by E. coli and suffer from more serious complications.

Weak immune system

People with weak immune systems, such as AIDS sufferers and patients undergoing chemotherapy, are more susceptible to E. coli infection.

Decreased acid in the stomach

Gastric acid-lowering drugs or heartburn medications, such as esomeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, and omeprazole, have the potential to increase the risk of E. coli infection.

Symptoms of Escherichia Coli Infection

Symptoms of E. coli infection can be different for each person. However, this infection is often characterized by diarrhea, which generally appears 3-4 days after exposure to the bacteria.

Apart from diarrhea, other symptoms due to E. Coli infection can include:

Severe abdominal pain to cramps
Nausea and vomiting
Bloated
Loss of appetite
Fever
shivers
Dizzy
Muscle ache

When to see a doctor

Some E. coli infections can be treated at home and should clear up on their own within a few days. However, sufferers of this infection are advised to see a doctor immediately if they experience the following symptoms:

Diarrhea that doesn't get better after 4 days in adults or for 2 days in children
Vomiting for more than 12 hours
Symptoms of dehydration, such as decreased urine output, extreme thirst, or dizziness
Excreted stool mixed with pus or blood (dysentery)

Diagnosis of Escherichia coli infection

The doctor will ask about the symptoms and physically examine the patient. After that, the doctor will examine the stool sample in the laboratory. Through this examination, the doctor can find out whether the stool contains E. coli or not.

Escherichia coli infection treatment

An E. coli infection usually clears up on its own within a few days. However, in patients who have severe diarrhea, doctors can give antibiotics.

However, antibiotics should not be given to patients suspected of being infected with STEC-type E. coli bacteria. This is because antibiotics can increase the production of Shiga poison, thereby exacerbating the symptoms experienced.

During recovery, it's important to rest and get enough fluids. In addition, eat soupy foods to replace lost body fluids due to vomiting and diarrhea.

Once you feel better, try eating low-fiber foods, such as crackers, bread or eggs. However, you should avoid dairy products and fatty foods, because they can make symptoms worse.

If the symptoms do not improve after taking antibiotics for 3 days, it is advisable to consult your doctor again. This can indicate that the infection is caused by bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, such as ESBL-producing bacteria. Therefore, further examination needs to be done.

Complications Due to Escherichia Coli Infection

A small number of STEC-type E. coli sufferers can develop complications in the form of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). This condition occurs due to toxins from E.coli bacteria that flow in the blood vessels to the kidneys. As a result, sufferers can experience acute kidney failure, pancreatitis, seizures, and coma.

These complications are more common in children aged 1-10 years and the elderly than adults.

Prevention of Escherichia coli infection

Adopting a clean lifestyle can prevent infection with the dangerous Escherichia coli bacteria. Here are some ways you can do this:

Wash hands after using the bathroom, after changing children's diapers, and before and after preparing food.
Wash your hands after touching animals or working in an environment with lots of animals, such as at a zoo or farm.
Make sure the items that touch the mouths of babies and toddlers, such as pacifiers and teethers, are clean.
If there is no water and soap, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol to reduce germs on your hands.

In addition to some of the precautions above, you must cook meat thoroughly and wash all cooking utensils used, to prevent exposure to harmful E. coli bacteria from food.

Related Searches:

which of the following occurs as a result of an abundance of tryptophan in e. coli?,
when a microorganism such as e. coli is grown on glucose it is,
e. coli ground beef recall,
what is the function of the repressor in the e. coli lac operon?,
how fast does e. coli manifest symptoms,
e. coli symptoms,
what is the function of the promoter in the e. coli lac operon?,
enterotoxigenic e. coli,
e. coli dna primase is,
which enzyme in e. coli is responsible for the removal of rna primers from dna?,
in e. coli, which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new dna strand in the 5' → 3' direction?,
which repair process in e. coli uses visible light to repair thymine dimers?,
e. coli gram positive or negative,
enteroaggregative e. coli,
e. coli dna polymerase i possesses which of the following activities? choose all that apply .,
in a transformation experiment a sample of e. coli,
which of the following statements about e. coli is true?,
in e. coli, what is the function of dna polymerase iii?,
which of the following statements about e. coli rna polymerase is incorrect?,
most e. coli antisense rnas work with a protein called ______ to regulate their target mrnas.,
which dna polymerase is mainly responsible for genome replication in e. coli?,
enterohemorrhagic e. coli,
in the lactose operon of e. coli, the lacz and lacy genes are:,
which of the following is an example of positive regulation of gene expression in e. coli?,
which prevents the lac genes in the dna of e. coli from being expressed most of the time?,
which of the following statements about dna replication in e. coli is true?,
which of the following statements about e. coli dna replication is incorrect?,
e. coli food sources,
e. coli lawyer,
e. coli lettuce,
which of the following statements about okazaki fragments in e. coli is true?,
conditional lethal mutants are_______in e. coli?,
select all properties that differ between the chromosome makeup in e. coli compared to human cells.,
what is the primary mechanism of chromosome compaction in e. coli?,
in e. coli, the genetic material is composed of,
which of the following is not correct when considering the initiation of transcription in e. coli?,
e. coli attorney,
in the uvr excision repair system in e. coli, which enzyme recruits uvrc?,
suppose your professor handed you a test tube with 2.0 ml of an e. coli,
which of the following surface antigens is not used for serotyping e. coli strains?,
the single σ subunit of e. coli rna polymerase:,
in the uvr excision repair system in e. coli, which steps do not require hydrolysis of atp?,
the best way to prevent foodborne illness caused by e. coli (escherichia coli) is to,
e. coli shape,
the lac operon of e. coli is ________ when the repressor is bound to lactose.,
staph infection cholera e. coli,
enteropathogenic e. coli (epec),
in e. coli, approximately _______ promoters are activated by cap.,
e. coli morphology,
what protein is uniquely linked to transcription and dna repair in e. coli?,
e. coli bacteria,
which terms accurately reflect the nature of replication of the chromosome in e. coli?,
bout with e. coli poisoning,
how is the transcription of heat shock genes activated in e. coli?,
e. coli gram stain,
most strains of e. coli are,
e. coli kingdom,
the best way to prevent the foodborne illness e. coli (escherichia coli) is to,
in e. coli, the genetic material is composed of ________.,
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