Crohn's Disease, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications
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| Crohn's Disease, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications |
Crohn's disease is inflammation of the lining of the digestive system. This inflammation can occur from the mouth to the anus, but is more common in the small intestine and large intestine (colon).
Crohn's disease or Crohn's disease is a disease that occurs in the long term (chronic). Crohn's disease is one type of inflammatory bowel disease in addition to ulcerative colitis.
Crohn's disease can cause abdominal pain and severe diarrhea. The inflammation can also spread and cause life-threatening complications.
Causes of Crohn's Disease
The exact cause of Crohn's disease is not yet known. However, a combination of genetic factors, disorders of the immune system, and environmental influences are thought to trigger this condition.
These three factors are thought to increase the risk of developing Crohn's disease in people with the following conditions:
- Less than 30 years old
- Smoke
- Having a family with Crohn's disease
- Eating foods with high fat content
- Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or diclofenac sodium
Symptoms of Crohn's Disease
Symptoms of Crohn's disease depend on the part of the digestive system affected, the extent of the inflammation, and its severity. The initial symptoms of this disease usually appear in childhood or early adulthood, then develop over time.
Symptoms of this disease can disappear and appear. The period when the symptoms of Crohn's disease disappear for some time is known as a period of remission. After a period of remission has passed, the symptoms of Crohn's disease may recur, also known as a flare-up period. Because Crohn's disease is a long-term disease, both periods can continue to recur.
The following are common symptoms of Crohn's disease:
- Stomach ache
- Diarrhea, usually prolonged
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- bloody CHAPTER
- Sprue
- Fever
- Anemia
- The formation of an abnormal channel around the anus (anal fistula)
In addition to these symptoms, Crohn's disease can also cause inflammation in other parts of the body, such as the eyes, skin, joints, liver, and bile ducts.
In children, inflammation in the digestive system, especially those that occur repeatedly, can inhibit the absorption of nutrients from the food they eat. As a result, the process of growth and development is disrupted.
When to go to the doctor
Immediately consult a doctor if you experience the above symptoms, especially if:
- Diarrhea does not go away even though you have taken diarrhea medicine
- Fever lasts more than 2 days
- Stomach pain doesn't get better
- Diarrhea that lasts more than 7 days
In addition to some of the symptoms to watch out for, it is also recommended that your child see a doctor if he has problems with his development and growth.
Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease
As a first step, the doctor will examine the pattern of symptoms experienced by the patient to determine the cause of these symptoms. The doctor will also examine various factors that can trigger Crohn's disease, such as diet, history of disease and drug consumption, and family medical history.
Physical examinations such as pulse, body temperature, blood pressure, and examination of the abdominal area will also be carried out by the doctor. In addition to these tests, your doctor may perform several additional tests to diagnose Crohn's disease, including:
- Blood tests, to detect infection or anemia and determine how severe the inflammation is in the body
- Stool examination, to detect blood in the stool and find out if symptoms are caused by another condition, such as intestinal worms
- Scan with CTE (computerised tomography enterography/enteroclysis) or MRE (computerised tomography enterography/enteroclysis), to see in more detail the condition of the small intestine and surrounding tissue
- Colonoscopy, to find out how severe and extensive the inflammation in the large intestine is
- Biopsy or sampling of digestive tract tissue, to detect changes in cells in the digestive tract wall.
Crohn's Disease Treatment
Treatment for Crohn's disease aims to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and prolong periods of remission. The following are some methods of treatment that can be given by doctors:
Drugs
Types of drugs that may be prescribed by a doctor include:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids and sulfasalazine
- Immunosuppressants, such as azathioprine and methotrexate
- Antibiotics, such as metronidazole or ciprofloxacin
- biologic therapy drugs, such as natalizumab or infliximab
- Antidiarrheal drugs, such as loperamide, to stop diarrhea
Nutrient addition
The addition of nutrients is generally done through a feeding tube or through an IV. The goal is that the intake of nutrients needed by the body can be met, while reducing the work of the digestive tract so that inflammation can be reduced. The nutrition provided will be tailored to the needs and conditions of each patient.
Operation
Surgery is the last option to treat Crohn's disease. This procedure is done when various other treatments have been done and do not produce satisfactory results.
The operation is done by removing the damaged part of the digestive tract, then connecting the part that is still healthy. In addition, surgery can also be used to close the fistula, or drain pus in the digestive tract that appears due to infection.
Even after the damaged part of the digestive tract has been removed, Crohn's disease can still come back. Recurrence of Crohn's disease generally occurs in the connective tissue created after removal. Therefore, the doctor will continue to give medicine to minimize the possibility of relapse.
Complications of Crohn's Disease
The following are some of the complications that can occur as a result of Crohn's disease:
- Anal fistula
- Anal fissure
- Injuries to the digestive tract
- Digestive tract blockage
- Malnutrition
- Osteoporosis
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anemia
- Colon cancer
Prevention of Crohn's Disease
Crohn's disease cannot be prevented. However, in people who have suffered from this disease, there are several efforts that can be made to relieve symptoms and prevent flare-ups, namely:
- Eat a healthy balanced diet
- Quit smoking
- Exercise regularly
- Manage stress well
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