Minor Head Injury, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications

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Minor Head Injury, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications

Minor head injury is the most common type of head injury and the symptoms are mild. This injury occurs when a person experiences a direct and sudden blow to the head. In the vast majority of cases, minor head injuries result from falls.

Most people with minor head injuries recover without needing treatment. However, an examination by a doctor is still necessary to prevent worsening of symptoms and the onset of complications.

Causes and Risk Factors for Minor Head Injury

The brain is an organ made up of soft tissue. This vital organ is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid which serves to protect the brain in the event of an impact on the head.

Minor head injuries occur when the brain hits the skull bone. As a result, brain function becomes temporarily impaired.

There are several conditions or activities that are at risk of causing minor head injuries, namely:

Falls, especially in children and the elderly
Participate in sports that involve impact, such as football, hockey and boxing, especially when not wearing protective equipment
Having an accident, for example while cycling or driving a motor vehicle
Experiencing physical violence, such as a hit or blow to the head
Have a history of impact or injury to the head

Symptoms of Minor Head Injury

Minor head injuries can cause a variety of symptoms, both physically, sensory and mental systems. Some symptoms can appear immediately after the incident, while other symptoms can appear days or weeks later.

The following are physical symptoms that can result from a minor head injury:

Hard to sleep
Easily tired and sleepy
Nausea and vomiting
Lost balance
Dizziness and headache
Speech disorders
Dazed and confused, but not losing consciousness
Loss of consciousness for a few seconds or minutes

In the sensory system, the symptoms can be:

Bad taste in mouth
Sensitive to light and sound
Changes in the ability of the sense of smell
Ears ringing
Blurred vision

While the mental symptoms that can arise from a minor head injury include:

Changeable mood
Easy to feel anxious and depressed
Impaired memory and concentration

When to go to the doctor

Check with your doctor if you or your child has a head injury, even if you don't have any symptoms.

Immediately see a doctor if the following complaints appear, especially if they persist and get worse:

Nausea and vomiting
Dazed or confused
Ears ringing
Dizziness and headache
Bleeding from nose or ears
Loss of consciousness for more than 30 minutes
Changes in behavior and speech
Changes in mental and body movement coordination
Changes in the eye, such as enlarged or unequal size pupils between the right and left
Visual disturbance
Weak limbs
Seizure

Diagnosis of Minor Head Injury

The doctor will ask about the symptoms experienced, and whether there is a history of a blow to the head. After that, the doctor will perform a physical examination to determine the severity of the head injury suffered by the patient.

The physical examination was performed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The GCS will measure the patient's ability to move the eyes and legs, as well as the patient's response to following the instructions given.

In the GCS, the patient's ability will be rated from 3 to 15. The higher the score, the less severe the severity. Minor head injuries are on a scale of 13 to 15.

In addition to GCS, doctors may also perform other examinations, such as:

Neurological examination, to determine the function of vision, hearing, and balance
A scan of the head with a CT scan or MRI, to see how severe the injury is

Minor Head Injury Treatment

Minor head injuries usually do not require special treatment. The doctor will advise the patient to rest and prescribe paracetamol to relieve headaches.

Doctors will also advise patients not to do activities that can worsen symptoms, namely activities that require a lot of movement or high concentration.

Even so, patients are not advised to rest completely. It's a good idea to do light activity every now and then so you can know if your symptoms get worse or other symptoms appear. If so, check with your doctor so you can get treatment right away.

To help the recovery process, there are several things that must be considered, namely:

Do not take aspirin and ibuprofen.
Do not take sleeping pills or sedatives, such as alprazolam, unless prescribed by a doctor.
Do not consume alcoholic beverages.
Do not drive, operate machinery or engage in contact sports until you have fully recovered.
Ask your doctor when you can return to school, exercise, or work.

Minor Head Injury Complications

Minor head injuries can lead to a number of complications, including:

Post-traumatic headache, can appear up to 7 days after injury
Post-traumatic vertigo, can appear for days, weeks, even months after the injury
Post-concussion syndrome, including headaches, dizziness, and difficulty thinking that persists for up to 3 weeks after the injury

Prevention of Minor Head Injury

The following are some preventative steps that can be taken to avoid minor head injuries:

Use personal protective equipment when doing activities or sports that are at risk of impact
Wearing a seat belt when driving a car and wearing a helmet when riding a motorcycle
Ensuring safety at home, such as making handrails on stairs and installing non-slip mats so that the bathroom floor is not slippery
Exercise regularly to train balance and strengthen leg muscles

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