Arrhythmia, Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications

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Arrhythmia, Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications

Arrhythmias are disorders that occur in the rhythm of the heart. People with arrhythmias may feel their heart rhythm is too fast, too slow, or irregular. In fact, normal arrhythmias occur in a healthy heart. However, if it occurs continuously or repeatedly, an arrhythmia can indicate a problem with the heart organ.

Types of Arrhythmia

The most common types of arrhythmias are:

Atrial fibrillation, which is a condition when the heart beats faster and irregularly
AV block, which is a condition when the heart beats slower
Supraventricular tachycardia, which is a condition when the heart rate is too fast
Extra systole ventricle, which is a condition when there is another beat outside the normal beat
Ventricular fibrillation, which is a condition when the heart only vibrates

Causes of Arrhythmia

Arrhythmias occur when the electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat don't work properly. This condition can be caused by a number of conditions below:

Take cold medicine or allergy medicine
Sleep apnea
Hypertension
Diabetes
Electrolyte disturbances, such as potassium excess or deficiency and hypomagnesaemia
Thyroid disorders, eg hyperthyroidism
Heart valve disorders
Congenital heart disease
Coronary heart disease
Heart attack
Cardiomyopathy

Apart from medical conditions, arrhythmias can also be triggered by an unhealthy lifestyle, such as:

Unable to manage stress well
Lack of sleep
Smoking
Excessive consumption of alcoholic or caffeinated beverages
Abusing drugs

Arrhythmia Symptoms

Arrhythmias can occur without causing symptoms, so sometimes the sufferer is not aware of it. Symptoms of arrhythmias that can appear include:

Heart beating faster than normal (tachycardia)
Heart beating slower than normal (bradycardia)
Dizzy
Faint
Tired quickly
Hard to breathe
Chest pain

Please note, someone who experiences the above symptoms does not necessarily experience an arrhythmia. Therefore, an examination by a doctor is necessary in order to find out what triggers these symptoms.

When to go to the doctor

Have regular medical check-ups with a cardiologist, especially if you suffer from hypertension, thyroid disorders, diabetes, heart disease, or have had heart surgery.

Immediately see a doctor if you often experience chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations, especially if these complaints appear suddenly.

If someone around you faints after previously complaining of the above symptoms, immediately take him to the emergency room at the nearest hospital.

Arrhythmia Diagnosis

To determine if the patient is suffering from an arrhythmia, the doctor will ask about the symptoms that appear and listen to the patient's heartbeat. After that, the doctor will perform the following examinations:

Electrocardiogram (ECG), to record the electrical activity of the heart while lying down
Holter monitoring, to record the electrical activity of the heart when the patient is active during the day
Cardiac exercise test, to measure cardiac activity when the patient does physical exercise, such as pedaling a stationary bike or walking on a treadmill
Heart echo, to see the structure and function of the heart with the help of sound waves

Doctors can also run other tests to see if there is an underlying disease for the arrhythmia, namely:

Electrolyte level measurement
Measurement of blood sugar levels
Scan
Cardiac catheterization
Biopsy

Arrhythmia Treatment

Treatment of arrhythmias aims to treat irregular heart rhythms. The method used depends on the type of heart rhythm disorder experienced, whether it is too fast or too slow.

Treatment methods include:

Drugs
The drugs that doctors prescribe to treat arrhythmias are antiarrhythmic drugs. Doctors will also prescribe warfarin to reduce the risk of blood clots.

Ablation
The doctor will perform cardiac ablation with a cardiac catheterization procedure. This procedure is done by placing one or more catheters in the blood vessels leading to the heart.
The electrodes located at the end of the catheter will destroy a small piece of tissue in the heart that causes heart rhythm disturbances, so that the heart rhythm returns to normal.

Pacemaker
The doctor will place a pacemaker under the skin, just below the collarbone. The pacemaker functions to return a heart rhythm that is too slow to normal.
ICD

An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a small device that is placed in the chest. This device is used in patients who are at risk for sudden cardiac arrest. This implant will detect signs of cardiac arrest and automatically apply electricity to overcome it.

Arrhythmia Complications

In some cases, the arrhythmia can get worse and lead to serious complications, such as:

Dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Stroke
Heart failure
Sudden cardiac arrest
Sudden infant death (SIDS)

Arrhythmia Prevention
As explained above, many factors can cause arrhythmias. Therefore, prevention depends on the cause of the arrhythmia.

In general, arrhythmias can be prevented by maintaining a healthy heart, namely by:

Quit smoking
Eat healthy food
Maintain ideal body weight
Exercise regularly
Limit consumption of alcoholic and caffeinated beverages
Avoid taking medication without a doctor's instructions

People with heart disease need to have regular check-ups with the doctor so that their condition doesn't get worse and cause arrhythmias. Patients also need to take medication regularly as recommended by a doctor and immediately see a doctor as soon as symptoms worsen.

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