Hemolytic Anemia, Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications
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| Hemolytic Anemia, Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications |
Hemolytic anemia is a blood deficiency disease due to the process of destroying red blood cells faster than their formation. This disease needs to be treated so that complications do not occur in the heart, such as heart rhythm disturbances or heart failure.
Hemolytic anemia can be experienced from birth because it is inherited from parents or develops after birth. Hemolytic anemia that is not inherited can be triggered by disease, exposure to chemicals, or the side effects of medications.
In some cases, hemolytic anemia can be cured by treating the cause. However, hemolytic anemia can also occur in the long term (chronic), especially those caused by heredity.
Causes of Hemolytic Anemia
Hemolytic anemia can be inherited from parents or develop after birth. Some of the causes of hemolytic anemia triggered by heredity are:
- Sickle cell anemia
- Spherocytosis
- Ovalocytosis
- Thalassemia
- Lack of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
- Deficiency of the pyruvate kinase enzyme due to disturbances in the glycolysis process
While conditions other than heredity that can cause hemolytic anemia include:
- Infectious diseases, such as typhoid, hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, or certain types of coli bacterial infection
- Autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis
- Side effects of drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), quinine, paracetamol, dapsone, levodopa, methyldopa, and some antibiotics, such as levofloxacin, penicillins, nitrofurantoin, or cephalosporins.
- Cancer, especially blood cancer
- Arsenic poisoning or lead poisoning
- Snake bites
- Blood transfusions from people with different blood types
- Body's reaction to organ transplant surgery
- Vitamin E deficiency, especially in premature infants
Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia
Symptoms of hemolytic anemia can be mild early in the disease, then worsen slowly or suddenly.
Symptoms vary in each patient, including:
- Dizzy
- Pale skin
- The body gets tired quickly
- Fever
- Dark urine
- Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice)
- Stomach feels uncomfortable due to enlarged spleen and liver
- Heart beat
When to go to the doctor
Consult a doctor if you experience the above symptoms, especially if there are complaints of yellowing of the skin and eyes or palpitations.
Hemolytic anemia can be caused by an autoimmune disease or as a side effect of medications. Therefore, do regular check-ups with your doctor if you suffer from autoimmune diseases or take certain medications for the long term. The goal is to monitor disease progression and drug side effects.
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